Clinicopathological studies on spontaneous hymenolepis. As such, hymenolepis rodentolepis nana, echinococcus canadensis and. Molecular characterization of hymenolepis nana based on nuclear. It is the smallest and only cestode that parasites the human without any intermediate host. Dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, previously known as vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis fraterna, and taenia nana is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes of humans, especially children. Click the button below to download a pdf of our latest catalog. Pdf hymenolepis nana infestation is commonly diagnosed in schoolaged children and very rarely reported in adults patients in saudi. Hymenolepis nana and taenia saginata ranged from 1. Join our community just now to flow with the file hymenolepis nana and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Download fulltext pdf hymenolepis nana parasites in adopted children article pdf available in clinical infectious diseases 414.
Hymenolepis nana is the smallest of all tapeworms found in humans and is appropriately described as the dwarf tapeworm. For precise diagnosis of the species, molecular techniques such as pcr and rflp of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 rdnaits2 gene marker were carried out. However, this parasite may be present in a number of other animal transport hosts, such as fleas, beetles, rats and house mice. Diplacanthus manus, hymenolepis nana, hymenolepis murina. Since the prediction of stiles 1 that hymenolepis nana would prove to be a common intestinal parasite in the united states, cases have been reported with increasing frequency. Pdf we encountered a patient with heavy hymenolepis nana infection.
Pdf differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of. It is the only cestode that does not require an intermediate host to develop into its infective stage. All the hookworms examined by the modified haradamori culture technic were necator americanus. In 1906, stiles identified an identical parasite with a rodent host and named it hymenolepis fraterna. As such, hymenolepis rodentolepis nana, echinococcus canadensis and ancylostoma ceylanicum. The family hymenolepididae has only two species which infects humans. Hymenolepis infection or infection with the dwarf tapeworm is found worldwide. Stiles predicted that the dwarf tapeworm was going to prove a common american parasite, and from my experience it is one of the commonest intestinal worms in children. Areas of endemicity up to 26% prevalence include asia, southern and eastern europe.
Mcconnaughey, in reference module in biomedical sciences, 2014. Strain characteristics fecal suspension containing hymenolepis nana eggs fixed in formalin. Laboratory diagnostic of hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm. Pdf albendazole in the treatment of hymenolepiasis in. Hymenolepiasis is primarily caused by the cestode tapeworm species, hymenolepis nana the dwarf tapeworm, adults measuring 15 to 40 mm in length. Hymenolepis nana is also known as the dwarf tapeworm. Humans, rodents most common tapeworm of humans in the world 1% rate of infection in the southern u. Frequently asked questions about hymenolepiasis, also known as hymenolepis nana infection. Differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of. Pdf heavy hymenolepis nana infection possibly through organic. There are no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in pregnant women. Cdc hymenolepis resources for health professionals. Since the paper of stiles 2 in 1903, a number of cases of infection with hymenolepis nana have been reported in this country.
Hymenolepis rodentolepis nana is the most common cestode of humans, particularly in. Eggs of hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment. The cestode, hymenolepis nana, also called the dwarf tapeworm, causes hymenolepiasis, which is usually asymptomatic. It occurs worldwide, but in temperate climates, children and people living in institutions are more likely to be infected. Some weakness, headache, anorexia, and abdominal pain may occur. Pdf hymenolepis nana human diagnosed through colonoscopy. Introduction the dwarf tapeworm is a species of tapeworm that is classified in the platyhelminthes phylum. This infection does not require an intermediate host and infection can occur directly from one. Causal agent, life cycle, and geographic distribution hymenolopis nana lifecycle including diagnostic and infective stages.
The commercial anticestode compounds, praziquantel, bunamidine, and niclosamide were active against patent infections of hymenolepis diminuta in golden hamsters mesocricetus auratus when given orally at 3. Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human host article pdf available in new england journal of medicine 37319. As mentioned above, hymenolepis nana does not require an intermediate host to complete its life cycle. Although the dwarf tapeworm infection rarely causes symptoms, it can be misdiagnosed for pinworm infection. Tsuchiya, three cases of infection with hymenolepis nana were incidentally encountered. Hymenolepis nana is a zoonotic tapeworm with widespread distribution. Heavy hymenolepis nana infection possibly through organic. Pada scolex terdapat rostelum yang bersifat refraktil dapat ditarikditonjolkan dan mempunyai 20 30 kaitkait, serta mempunyai 4 batil isap. When passed in the stool, the eggs are infective and are ingested by beetles or flies, which serve as intermediary hosts. He recovered a countless number of them at a postmortem on a boy who had died of meningitis. Hymenolepis nana has a worldwide distribution with estimates of 5075 million carriers. Dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, also known as rodentolepis nana, vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis fraterna, and taenia nana is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes a type of intestinal.
Radiographic and pathological features of malignant hymenolepis nana anteroposterior and axial ct scans in panels a and b, respectively, show the presence of lung nodules. If larvabearing eggs enter the human gastrointestinal tract, the oncospheres are released into the duodenum and attatch to. Hymenolepiasis is caused by two cestodes tapeworm species, hymenolepis nana the dwarf tapeworm, adults measuring 15 to 40 mm in length and hymenolepis diminuta rat tapeworm, adults measuring 20 to 60 cm in length. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip. In the southeastern usa, as many as 1% of young schoolchildren. A novel laboratory anticestode assay was developed using hymenolepis diminuta in the hamster. The hymenolepis diminutagolden hamster mesocricetus. Diagram showing the life cycle of the dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, the cause of hymenolepiasis. Later, morphological characteristics were used for taxonomy identification and h. It is interesting to note that the cysticercoid larval stage can develop in these hosts when this happens. It is most often seen in children in countries in which sanitation and hygiene are inadequate. Hymenolepis diminuta is a cestode of rodents infrequently seen in humans and frequently found in rodents. The species name nana is derived from its small size which means dwarf of the adult worm.
Hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm infection infectious. Hymenolepis nana, also known as dwarf tapeworm, is a cyclophyllidean tapeworm with embryonated eggs. Given the widespread distribution and medical implication of members of the genus hymenolepis, specific identification of the aetiological agent becomes imperative. Hymenolepis nana, dwarf tapeworm, diarrhoea, intestinal parasite. The dwarf tapeworm was found in man for the first time by bilharz, in cairo, egypt, in 1851. Larval and adult beetles but optional larval stage, cysticercoid, can develop in d.
It once held two other scientific names including vampirolepis nana and taenia nana 4. Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human. In terms of their impact on human health, the role of animal reservoirs and polyparasitism are both emerging issues in understanding the epidemiology of a number of these zoonoses. Pdf malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a. Hymenolepiasis is the most common intestinal tapeworm infection of humans caused by worm of family cestoda, genus hymenolepis and species nana. The case of human hymenolepiasis lstm online archive. The majority of helminth parasites that are considered by who to be the cause of neglected diseases are zoonotic. Hymenolepis nana infection is observed in households with poor hygiene and overcrowding, and can have a prevalence of 525% in children 54. Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest and a common tapeworm in humans worldwide. Rattus norvegicus main silvestro and michalak 2012 and mrbayes v3. However, the available evidence suggests no difference in adverse birth outcomes in the children of women who were accidentally treated with praziquantel during mass prevention campaigns compared with those who were not. Human results showed distinct restriction patterns for both hymenolepiasis caused by the adult tapeworms, hymenolepis hymenolepis nana and hymenolepis diminuta when digested diminuta and hymenolepis nana, is a globally widespread with either of the enzymes rsai, haeiii or hhai. Education and information about hymenolepiasis, also known as hymenolepis nana infection, biology and life cycle. Both tapeworms are known for their global zoonotic significance 31.
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